Researchers have unveiled a cost-effective strategy with the potential to diminish pneumonia rates in hospitalized patients—daily toothbrushing. A recent investigation led by experts from Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute delved into the impact of routine toothbrushing on hospital-acquired pneumonia and its associated outcomes. Synthesizing data from 15 randomized clinical trials involving over 2,700 patients, the researchers uncovered a correlation between daily toothbrushing and reduced rates of hospital-acquired pneumonia, particularly among individuals on mechanical ventilation. The study, documented in JAMA Internal Medicine, proposes a significant link between consistent toothbrushing and diminished mortality among hospitalized patients.
Lead author Michael Klompas, MD, MPH, a hospital epidemiologist and infectious disease specialist, emphasized the scarcity of identifying a straightforward and budget-friendly preventive measure within the realm of hospital medicine. The study underscores the potentially life-saving impact of such a fundamental practice as toothbrushing during a patient’s hospital stay.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia, often instigated by bacteria from the mouth infiltrating the airways and infecting the lungs, poses a particular threat to frail or immunocompromised patients. The study’s systematic review and meta-analysis, drawing upon diverse global randomized clinical trials, revealed a significant association between daily toothbrushing and a decreased risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ICU mortality.
Beyond its pneumonia risk reduction, daily toothbrushing in ICU patients correlated with diminished days of mechanical ventilation and a shorter ICU duration. Although the majority of studies centered on tooth-cleaning routines for adults in the ICU, researchers expressed optimism about potential benefits extending to non-ICU patients. However, they acknowledged the necessity for additional studies to substantiate this perspective.
The study’s authors hope their findings will prompt the implementation of oral health routines, including toothbrushing, for hospitalized patients. Emphasizing the simplicity and effectiveness of this intervention, they recommend incorporating toothbrushing into hospital policies and programs. Whether performed by the patient or a member of the care team, the study advocates for the regular practice of toothbrushing as a potentially life-saving measure in the hospital setting.
